Novelty is an alteration from expected likelihood of an event on the basis of both previous information and internal estimates of conditional probabilities. Over time, the relationship between novelty and behavior has received much attention from researchers. The purpose of this work was to review the neurobiology and methodological modifications of the test commonly used in behavioral pharmacology. This paper describes the novel object recognition paradigms in animals, as a valuable measure of cognition. Its application is not limited to a field of research and enables that various issues can be studied, such as the memory and learning, the preference for novelty, the influence of different brain regions in the process of recognition, and even the study of different drugs and their effects. Among them, the novel object recognition test can be evaluated by the differences in the exploration time of novel and familiar objects. In humans, memory is often accessed through spoken or written language, while in animals, cognitive functions must be accessed through different kind of behaviors in many specific, experimental models of memory and learning. Animal models of memory have been considered as the subject of many scientific publications at least since the beginning of the twentieth century.
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